Clothing and Adornment in Communication essays

Apparel and Adornment in Communication papers Singular quest for individual decoration is all inclusive. Individuals of all social orders have decorated themselves in some structure or style. Embellishment might be utilized to depict social positions, rank, sex, occupation, nearby, and ethic character or religion inside a general public. Apparel and enhancement additionally conveys social segments and the intuitive idea of these parts just as the uniqueness of each culture. Underneath I will talk about a couple of points that exhibit what apparel and decoration convey through culture. Both quality and amount of assets are pointers of financial positions. For instance, English agents wore high, close, white collars with overwhelming, firm Edwardian suits. Therefore, the term cubicle specialist became an integral factor. This term, just as the dress, meant both financial achievement and status over that of the unskilled workers, who for the most part wore delicate captured blue shirts. In the United States, the monetary position is frequently shown by the dress. Some social gatherings show costly pieces of clothing, while others may dismiss this type of pomposity. For instance, in the 70's resistance to such qualities as material achievement, work, status, and preparing was embodied by the hipster way of life and represented by the jean look. Sportswear was another aftereffect of monetary conditions. Until the twentieth century sports exercises were a benefit of the well off. As working conditions improved, more individuals had the opportunity to learn aptitudes and bear to take an interest in sports. With this, the sportswear business was conceived. Economic wellbeing is the essential for apparel determinations. Attire assortment can show social status by cut, surface, trim, shading, images, and surface advancement. By directing style of dress, sumptuary laws in numerous social orders have propagated qualifications in social class. These laws were established to confine singular garments decisions in shading, theme, and style that assigned position, class, an ... <!

The Celebration of the Lizard Essay -- Analysis, Jim Morris

It was 1968's collection Waiting for the Sun that denoted the presence of another part of Morrison's picture, the Lizard King. A sonnet entitled â€Å"The Celebration of the Lizard,† in which he articulated â€Å"I am the Lizard King,† was imprinted on the collection coat. Morrison later guaranteed that this sonnet was intended to be incompletely jokingly, yet it took on its very own existence and would assume a significant job in Morrison folklore. In a 1970 meeting, Morrison react to an inquiry regarding being known as a Lizard King: Stevenson: How would you feel about a portion of the magazine articles that utilized to come out considering you the Lizard King and things like that? Morrison: Oh, I preferred it! I delighted in it! I thought it was, you know, I generally loved reptiles, I generally had an affection for them . . . We evolved from reptiles . . . I used to consider the to be as a mammoth peristaltic snake and I used to see all the individuals, items and scenes as pictures on the features of their skin, their scales. I think the peristaltic movement is the fundamental life development: gulping, absorption, the rhythms of sex. Indeed your fundamental unicellular structures have this equivalent . . . Stevenson: Fluidity and movement? Morrison: Yeah!14 Morrison utilized the attribution of Lizard King to develop his picture, as found in this meeting, by embellishment it to his beliefs of closeness to the earth, proposing that the movement of a reptile mirrors the fundamental movement of all life. He further utilized the Lizard King picture in the showiness of his dramatic exhibitions and, regardless of whether deliberately or sub-intentionally, to add to his own, just as the band's, picture. Best case scenario, it is conceivable to recognize Morrison as shaman and Morrison as the Lizard King,... ... hard to affirm the reason for his passing. Was it self destruction? Murder? This vulnerability may have added to a Morrison-like picture and fantasy. Presently, that his doctor has been indicted for carelessness, the vulnerability is diminished. We should sit back and watch what creates. It is the open talk, after the demise of a big name, which brings about the rise of a symbol. In books, films, and other media content about the big name, different stories and focal qualities become related with the superstar. Following quite a while of proceeded with open enthusiasm for the dead big name, the picture and qualities related with the big name become more critical than, and rise above, the verifiable insights concerning the recorded presence of the person. The accompanying area will diagram components adding to the development of the picture of a superstar, after their passing.

Using Behavior Modeling Theory for Phobic Patients

Using Behavior Modeling Theory for Phobic Patients Phobias Print Behavior Modeling for the Treatment of Phobias By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 01, 2019 Kevin Diep/EyeEm/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types In social learning theory, behavior modeling is the precise demonstration of the desired behavior. According to the theory, we learn not only by doing  but by watching what others do. In a therapeutic setting, behavior modeling is purposeful and positive, teaching clients healthier ways of behaving. But behavior modeling can also be negative, such as a parent passing on a prejudiced way of dealing with others or a friend teaching a child to use drugs. Therapeutic behavior modeling is often used to help clients change previously learned negative behaviors. How Behavior Modeling Helps Treat Phobias Albert Bandura was a psychologist who discovered how behavioral modeling could help people overcome phobias. In his work with people with snake phobias, Bandura found that when patients observed others who had overcome the same fear handling snakes, the current patients were more likely to find relief. When compared to persuasion and observing the psychologist handle the snakes, Bandura found behavior modeling by the former patients was more effective. Behavior modeling is used effectively to treat people with a variety of mental health concerns, from anxiety disorders to post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit disorder to eating disorders. It has been found to be particularly effective in the treatment of various phobias. Similar to another treatment for phobias known as systematic desensitization, behavior modeling exposes the phobic patient to the object or situation he fears, however, the confrontation is experienced by  another person rather than by the patient himself. When witnessing the model respond to the phobia with relaxation rather than fear, the patient has a reference framework for imitating that response. In theory, the patient would be able to transfer this new response to real-life situations. Benefits and Limitations When used alone, behavior modeling has been found effective for short-term learning. However, behavior modeling alone is unlikely to produce long-term behavior change unless it is combined with role-playing and reinforcement such as rewards. Used together in sequence, modeling, role-play, and  reinforcement improves the effectiveness of this therapy. In addition, other factors have been shown to increase the effectiveness of behavior modeling therapy. These include:   Models that are: very skilled in acting out the behavior; likable or admirable; warm and friendly; the same sex and age; and rewarded immediately for the performance of the particular behavior.Target behaviors that are: clearly demonstrated and include few unnecessary details; presented from the least difficult level of behavior to the most difficult level; and enacted by several different models. One Technique Among Many Behavior modeling is one technique used to try to help patients with phobias and other mental health conditions. When it doesnt achieve the desired response or change, patients should be encouraged to try different techniques, approaches or medications to help them overcome their fears. Many other behavioral modification techniques are available and some are more successful for certain patients.

Globalization, The Unattainable Goal - 884 Words

Appiah’s meaning for globalization is more specific and on a personal, family, and religious level with acceptance as his basis. His approach to globalization is what appears to be perception based, outside of what his family beliefs are. Foer perceives globalization culture as, observed through sports, specifically soccer, family influence, and other means to preserve globalization change as Americans. As each author sees the world of globalization in their own way, they actually compliment each other on there reasonings to sustain from globalization. As both authors relate personal and culture opinions, they have clearly defined there theories on globalization and the approach. Seeing the world as these authors do, much lost in regards†¦show more content†¦But I can say, in generalization that there are differences between the cultural groups for example, it is widely known and accepted that Christians believe in Jesus Christ and Catholics believe in God. (This agai n is my understanding) so the defining beliefs will vary between the two. Seeing the world in these authors perspectives is attainable by many, in regards to globalization. In Appiah’s essay, the reference to eating cats and or eating â€Å"bush animals† being, venison and other wild game like rabbits. I can relate, to eating â€Å"bush animals† not cats. Even though I have spent many a drunken nights in Tijuana when I was 18-20 years old, in the Navy, who knows what is on those venders carts with regards to consumable meats. Again, this was purely my perspective on the culture that I was new to. As both authors have related to the each other in a similar matters, we all relate to globalization in one way or another. For example, if we were to see the world of globalization as Foer, playing soccer, â€Å"It is in the province of the working class.† (Foer 643) Then yes, much is to be gained seeing globalization in this manner, as a majority of the American ’s are considered the working class. Furthermore, to adopt new cultures and influence passed on by family; this is what America was founded on in the first place, the right to change.Show MoreRelatedPeace As A Mandatory, A Responsibility, And A Problem Awaiting Solution1469 Words   |  6 Pageswealth, but of the state of respecting each other and living in proper unity according to moral rule; thus it should be the highest goal in a society that holds to liberalistic ideals. I believe this is possible because liberalism seeks for individuals in society to have the better life and equality of rights... Firstly, liberalism promotes peace as the highest goal because it seeks for the individual to have the better life. 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The Heroic Women Of Othello - 1928 Words

Olivia Seeney Dr. Michael Elam ENGL 211 Brit Lit: Middle Age-18th Century 5 December, 2015 The Heroic Women of Othello A hero is â€Å"a man or woman distinguished by the performance of courageous or noble actions (Oxford English Dictionary).† In a male dominated society, such as the one displayed in the play Othello, many of the heroic attributes of the female characters are overlooked, and they are labeled as either weak or insignificant. However, some of the female roles within this play are more important and heroic than their male counterparts. The particularly important women in Othello are the characters Desdemona and Emilia. They are unlike each other in many ways, yet both are equally strong in their own ways. While Desdemona remains silent and faithful in the face of adversity, Emilia is outspoken and independent. While the male characters in this play use their actions to express their dominance, the females use their wit and words to show their strength against the men that try to oppress them. This play seeks to show the women as they are: strong, intel ligent, and important although they are mistreated by their male counterparts. Both women attribute heroic attributes to the plot of the play and continue to influence their society even after death. The women of Othello showed themselves to be the true protagonists of the play through their unending loyalty, bravery in the face of opposition, and distinct personalities that complimented one another in order toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Social Origins of Othello643 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare adapted Othello from Giraldi Cinthios Hecatommithi, but he altered the original story. 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Nursing Reflective Essay using Driscoll’s reflective cycle Free Essays

string(59) " health care and prevented anything against his wellbeing\." Introduction: In this reflective account essay, I will be describing nursing skills that I undertook during my practice placement, using Driscoll’s (2000) reflective cycle, a recognised framework for reflection to demonstrate my ability to reflect on different nursing skill.According to Driscoll’s (2000), there are three processes when reflecting on one’s practice. They are: What (what happened), so what (what were you feeling, what was good/bad about the experience and Now what (if it happens again what you would do differently). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Reflective Essay using Driscoll’s reflective cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now The application of Driscoll’s reflective cycle will enable me link theory to practice. As outlined, in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2004), the practice of reflection will allow me to explore, through experience, area for development in providing the necessary quality of care (Taylor, 2006). Reflection is a significant part of attaining knowledge and understanding, to reflect on experiences which could be positive or negative allowing for self criticism (Bulman and Schutz, 2004). My 1st skill will explores how communication can be enhanced for clients with communication impairments which I raised in one of the multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT). I will be drawing from knowledge and experience gained from that meeting which involve social workers, speech language therapist, adult nurse, mental health nurse and a carer experience. Names have been changed to maintain confidentiality (NMC, 2007) 1st skill: I discover the level at which nurses and support worker communicate with service user are not up to standard simply because they have an impairment see Appendix 1 This now lead me to carry out a research on this issues which I discover that it has been estimated that there are 2.5 million people in the UK with communication impairment (Communications Forum, 2008). It is estimated that 50% to 90% of people with intellectual disabilities have communication difficulties and about 60% of people with intellectual disabilities have some skills in symbolic communication using pictures, signs or symbols (Fraser Kerr, 2003). The World Health Organization’s classification of impairment, disability and handicap relating to communication disorders are impairment which disruption the normal language-processing or speech production system e.g. difficulty with finding the right words or with reading sentences, reduced spelling ability and reduced ability to pronounce words clearly (World Health Organization, 2001). Communication is ‘a process that involves a meaningful exchange between at least two people to convey facts, needs, opinions, thoughts, feelings and other information through both verbal and non-verbal means, including face to face exchanges and the written word’. (DH, 2003) Communication is a two-way process, involving at least two people who alternate in sending and receiving messages (Ferris-Taylor, 2007). When the message is received, it is interpreted and normally a response is given. In some people there may be a delay in response time as result of communication impairment. This was the problem encountered by Mr Kee whilst I felt frustrated sometimes as I felt nurses/support workers were not patient enough with him. I propose both verbal and non verbal communication is important when dealing with Mr Kee as it is important to ensure the message put across is clear. There is a need to devise a strategy to communicate that would promote empowerment, building on existing strengths so as not to reinforce a sense of helplessness and power imbalance. Studies have showed that by using verbal and non verbal communication techniques appropriately can help us nurses/carers and families to communicate and enhance the communication experience for Mr Kee. For example we should create conducive environment, listen carefully to what he is trying to say, observing his body language, using positive body language to convey warmth and reassurance, speaking slowly, using short and simple words, give Mr Kee opportunities to talk in indirect ways and to express himself, I tried emphasis the need for us nurses/support worker to be creative, adaptable and skilful to avoid disempowering Mr Kee because of his communic ation impairment (Allan 2001, Feil DeKlerk-Rubin 2002 and Alzheimer’s Association 2005). ‘One of the ways in which people with dementia are disempowered in communication is that of being continually outpaced, having others speak, move and act more quickly that they are able to understand or match’ (Killick and Allan, 2001, pp. 60–1) The MDT experience has emphasised the importance of interprofessional working together as it encourages holistic care to be delivered. The learning gained from this experience will impact my future practice in various areas which include communication and empathy. I am mindful of the challenges faced by Mr Kee and this has increased my knowledge in clinical practice where I have observed that mental illness can impair patient’s ability to communication, for example dementia, schizophrenia, depression and psychosis cause’s cognitive impairment which can interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, to distinguish reality from fantasy, to manage emotions, make decisions, and relate to others, which often hinders the development of a therapeutic relationship. I have learnt a lot about The Mental Capacity Act, 2005 provides guidance as to what factors should be taken into consideration when making a decision in someone’s best interest. As a qualified nurse my role would be to ensure decisions are made on behalf of the service user after much consultation with the service user as communication advocacy is universally considered a moral obligation in nursing practice as it is the crucial foundation of nursing (McDonald, 2007) Effective advocacy can transform the lives of people with learning disabilities enabling them to express their wishes and make real choices. In Mental health nursing, empowerment usually means the intent to ensure that conditions are such that the individual can act as a self advocate (Webb, 2008)] This experience has highlighted the difficulties that may be encountered in communicating and gaining valid consent which I will be aware of in future practice. In conclusion steps towards better health care can be made by providing encouragement and support to improve communication between nurses/support workers and carers with communication disabilities [Godsell and Scarborough, 2006]. In order to battle any restriction for Mr Kee to access good health care and prevented anything against his wellbeing. You read "Nursing Reflective Essay using Driscoll’s reflective cycle" in category "Essay examples" Introduction In this reflective account essay, I will be describing nursing skills that I undertook during my practice placement, using Driscoll’s (2000) reflective cycle, a recognised framework for reflection to demonstrate my ability to reflect on different nursing skill.According to Driscoll’s (2000), there are three processes when reflecting on one’s practice. They are: What (what happened), so what (what were you feeling, what was good/bad about the experience and Now what (if it happens again what you would do differently). The application of Driscoll’s reflective cycle will enable me link theory to practice. This 2nd skill will define the concept of dignity and its important in relation to Mr Moses, an elderly patient, has difficulty hearing, frail, require assistant to walk, his trouser and shoes wet with urine and the smell of faeces. Actions and support according to the Code of Professional Conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) as suggested to be used in rendering care to Mr Moses. Also, the Nursing actions that will promote and maintain Mr Moses dignity during his care will be described. 2nd Skill The way Mr Moses was treated by the staff gave me concern see appendix 2 This now gave me an interest into this topic as to acquit myself before escalating the matter. I was involved in the care for Mr Moses who has diagnosed with dementia. Dementia is a chronic lifelong condition that causes memory loss, communication problems, incontinence and neglect of personal hygiene (Prime, 1994 p, 301). Mr Moses neglect of his personal hygiene was profound due to his incontinence condition Dignity mean â€Å"Being treated like I was somebody† (Help the Aged, 2001).Relating dignity in the care Mr Moses, dignity will be define as care given to Mr Moses that will uphold, promote and not degrade his self respect despite his present situation (being wet with urine and smell of faeces), frail or his age (SCIE, 2006). Mr Moses despite his present circumstance should feel value before, during and after his care (Nursing Standard, 2007). The concept of dignity has to do with privacy, respect, autonomy, identity and self worth thereby making life worth living for them (SCIE, 2006). However, each patient needs is unique, the level of these concept will varies on individual service user, such as the privacy that other service user need will be different from what Mr Moses require at the time of His care. When dignity is not present during his care, Mr Moses will feel devalued, lacking control, comfort and feel embarrass and ashamed (RCN, 2008). Things that emerged in my observation for Mr Moses to be provided with care in a dignified way involves, delivery Mr Moses personal care in a way that maintain his dignity, having support from team members and an up to date training in delivering care, and supportive ward environment (NHS evidence, 2007). I did raise some issues with my mentor that was missing when attending to Mr Moses which includes: Respect, Privacy, Self-esteem (self-worth, identity and a sense of oneself) and Autonomy (SCIE, 2006). Respect is a summary of courtesy, good communication and taking time (SCIE. 2006). It is the objective, unbiased consideration and regard for the right, values, beliefs and property of all people (Wikipedia, 2006).Mr Moses being particularly vulnerable because he solely dependent on staff to provide his personal care because of his age , frail and needing assistant to walk (Help the Aged, 2006) should be treated as an individual. He should not be discriminated. Emphasised should be on Procedures during care should be explained to Mr Moses and his care should be person centre rather than task-oriented (Calnan et al, 2005). The dignity of Mr Len must be respected and protected as a person who is born free, equal in dignity and has basic human right (Amnesty international, 1999).Health service will need to recognise the specific needs of older people in caring for them, demonstrating respect for Mr Len autonomy, privacy during Mr Len care and avoiding poor practice that will deify Mr Moses dignity, such as: allowing him to remain wet and soiled or scolding him (Age Concern, 2008). The NMC (2008) code of conduct state that the care of Mr Moses should be the nurse first concern, respecting Mr Moses dignity and treating him as an individual. Mr Moses will be approached in a dignified manner, he should be given choice to decide whether or where he want his care to be carried out, demonstrating appropriate communication, sensitivity and interpersonal skill during interaction. Dignity is defy when there is a negative interaction between staff and Mr Moses when freedom to make decision is taken from him (BMJ, 2001). Mr Moses appearance is essential to his self respect; Mr Moses will require support in changing his wet cloth. Mr Moses should not be neglected based on his appearance rather supported to maintain the standard he is used to (SCIE, 2006). The NMC (2004), also instruct nurse to promote and protect the interest and dignity of service users irrespective of gender, age, race, ability sexuality, economic status, lifestyle, culture and religion or political beliefs. Mr Moses being an elderly man will not be problematic, because according to the code, care should be delivered, his culture preference , such as preferring a male staff to assist with his care . Treating Mr Moses fairly without discrimination is part of the Code, Mr Moses should not be discriminated against because he smells of faeces and trouser wet with urine Quot but should be respected while attending to his needs. Privacy is closely related to respect (SCIE, 2006). Mr Moses care should be deliver in a private area, ensuring Mr Moses receive care in a dignified way that does not humiliate him: Discussion about Mr Moses condition should be discussed with him where others are unable to hear and curtain or doors are closed during Mr Moses care (Woolhead et al, 2004). Not giving Mr Moses the privacy that he needs makes feel that he was treated as incontinent because he was wet of urine and smell of faeces( which was stated in Mr Moses case not at the end of that shift â€Å"incontinent of urine and faeces). Incontinence is not uncommon; it may be cause by various reasons. It affects all age group (Godfrey and Hogg, 2002). Incontinent is defined to be an involuntary or inappropriate passing of urine or faeces thereby having impact on social functions or hygiene of client (DOH, 2000). There are various types of incontinent such as: stress incontinent (this can occur when coughing, or during physical activities), urge incontinent (overactive bladder), reflex incontinent (incontinent without warning) and mixed incontinent (both urge and stress incontinent) (Chris, 2007). Mr Moses may have be a victim of any of the above. In conclusion my knowledge about the concept of dignity and its importance to health care and the benefit to service users increased. NMC has made dignity clearer to understand by including dignity among its codes. This easy has also clarified that dignity has different meaning to various people. Introduction In this reflective account essay, I will be describing nursing skills that I undertook during my practice placement, using Driscoll’s (2000) reflective cycle, a recognised framework for reflection to demonstrate my ability to reflect on different nursing skill.According to Driscoll’s (2000), there are three processes when reflecting on one’s practice. They are: What (what happened), so what (what were you feeling, what was good/bad about the experience and Now what (if it happens again what you would do differently). The application of Driscoll’s reflective cycle will enable me link theory to practice. This 3rd Skill will look at the assessment I did. One week into my placement at the community I was told by my mentor that I will be carrying out an assessment for a new patient that was referred to our service. To prepare for this I started to read the assessment note of other patient and doing research on the best method to get information from the patient. Barker (2004) defines mental health nursing assessment as ‘the decision making process, based upon the collection of relevant information, using a formal set of ethical criteria that contributes to an overall evaluation of a person and his circumstances’. Assessment is a continuous process which includes collecting information in a systematic way from a variety of sources. Assessment can be describe as a two stage process of gathering information and drawing inferences from the available data and decisions made regarding a person’s need of care. (Norman and Ryrie, 2007). The purpose of assessment include judging and understanding levels of need, planning programmes of care and observing progress over time, planning service provision and conducting research (Gamble and Brennan, 2006) Meaningful and accurate assessment is essential if a person’s needs are highly complex so as to streamline the service user care requirement (DOH 2004). Assessment of person’s strengths and needs in social functioning is a fundamental stage in developing planned care that is familiar to practitioners. Making an accurate assessment of social functioning provides valuable information about the range of activities that a person can undertake on his or her own as well as those activities where a person requires support (Godsell and Scarborough, 2006) During our (Mentor and I) brainstorm to identify the main communication needs of the new service user based on the referral letter/note that I need to use the open question as this will give the patient the opportunity of expressing himself as supported by crouch and Meurier (2005). I observed differences in perception of needs between disciplines. This was beneficial to the group as it enabled us to achieve a holistic view of possible needs. Reference Age Concern.(2008). Help with continence. England. www.ageconcern.org.uk. Help Centre assessed on the 13/05/2011 @ 18:23. Amnesty international (1999).Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Amnesty International UK, London. Barker, P.J. (2004) Assessment in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: In search of the whole person. 2nd edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. British Journal of Community Nursing (2001). Maintaining the dignity and autonomy of older people in the healthcare setting. Downloaded from bmj.com on 12 April 2011 doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7287.668 BMJ 2001;322;668-670 Kate Lothian and Ian Philp Calnan, M, Woolhead, G, Dieppe, P. Tadd, W. (2005) Views on dignity in providing health care for older people. Nursing Times, 101, 38-41. Chris brooker, Anne Waugh (2007). foundation. In foundations of nursing practice. fundamentals of holistic care (p. 92). Philadelphia: mosby elsevier. Communication Forum (2008) www.communicationforum.org.uk accessed on the 15 April 2011 @ 16:03 Department of Health (2000). Good Practice IN Continence Services. DH, London Department of Health (2003) Essence of Care: National patient-focused benchmarking for health care practitioners. London: DH. Fraser, W Kerr, M. (2003). Seminars in psychiatry of learning disabilities. 2nd ed. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Ferris-Taylor, R. (2007) Communication. In: Gates, B. (Ed) Learning Disabilities: Toward Inclusion. 5th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Gamble C and Brennan, G. (2006) Assessments: a rationale for choosing and using. In: Gamble, C and Brennan, G (Eds) Working with Serious Mental illness: A manual for clinical practice. 2nd Edition. London: Elsevier Limited. Godfrey H, Hogg A (2007). Links between social isolation and incontinence. Continence –UK. 1(3): 51-8. Godsell, M. and Scarborough, K. (2006) Improving communication for people with learning disabilities. Nursing Standard 20(30) 12 April : 58-65 Help The Aged.(2006). Measuring Dignity in Care for Older People. Picker Institute Europe. MacDonald, H. (2007) Relational ethics and advocacy in nursing: literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 57(2): 119-126 Nursing and Midwifery Council (2004) Code of professional conduct: standard for conduct, performance and ethics. NMC, London. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2007) Code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics.NMC London. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics. NMC London. NS401 Matiti M et al (2007). Promoting patient dignity in healthcare settings. Nursing Standard. 21,45,46-52. Date of acceptance: June 15 2007. NHS Evidence (2007). Caring for Dignity: A national report on dignity in care for older people while in hospital. Healthcare Commission. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008). The NMC Code Of Professional Conduct: Standard of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. NMC, London Royal College of Nursing (2008). Defending Dignity: Opportunities and Challenges for Nursing. RCN, London. Social Care Institute for Excellence (2006). Dignity in care. Great British. Steven Richards, A. F. (2007). Working with THE MENTAL CAPACITY ACT 2005. Hampshire: Matrix Training Associates Ltd. Webb, J. U. (2008) The application of ethical reasoning in mental health nursing. In: Dooher, J. (ed) Fundamental aspects of mental health nursing. London. Quay Books. Woolhead, G, Calnan, M, Dieppe, P. Tadd, W (2004) Dignity in older age- what do older people in the United Kingdom thinksAge and Ageing, 33, 165-169. How to cite Nursing Reflective Essay using Driscoll’s reflective cycle, Essay examples

Effects of Having Ofw Parents Essay Sample free essay sample

I could still retrieve how I cried when my female parent was go forthing to travel to Saudi Arabia. I was merely 11 old ages old so and was merely in Grade 5. I did non wholly understand why she had to travel. What I merely knew was we needed the money for our household disbursals. I tried truly difficult to analyze good because I wanted to assist our household. In fact. about every twelvemonth I was top 1 in our category so my tuition in the Chinese school I went to was free. Even though my female parent was far off. I wanted her to be truly happy. But deep interior. what I wanted the most so was that she would merely come place to us. Maternal Bond. Image by KoivthBeginning: Wikimedia CommonsFor five old ages. female parent bore the hurting of disbursement life off from us. ( Is at that place a female parent who would wish to be separated from her beloved kids? ) Communication so was really expensive and hard unlike today that there is the cyberspace and VOIP. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Having Ofw Parents Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That’s why having a phone call or a missive from ma is like rainfall in the mid of summer. Because of this unfavourable fortunes. small by small. my heartfelt distant from my female parent. It must hold besides been because I was already turning up as a immature adolescent. When female parent decided to come back to the Philippines and neer to return to Saudi. I truly can’t depict how I genuinely felt. I was happy that she’s eventually approaching place. But. sad to state. much clip had passed and spent being far off from each other which put an empty infinite between our relationship. It seemed that I was used to merely holding my male parent about. My female parent felt how I felt and I knew that it hurt her feelings. What a painful cost in exchange for her forfeit and being far off from household merely to carry through our physical necessities! However. I am still grateful to God because He did non let our household to go like many broken households we know. When the male parent becomes an OFW ( Overseas Filipino Worker ) . he fills his solitariness abroad by holding dealingss with another adult female even if he already has a married woman and kids. I am besides grateful because it was during this clip when my female parent was in the desert land that she had a closer relationship with God. My male parent. my siblings and I who were in the Philippines did excessively. And it was this religion in God that filled the spread in our relationship. â€Å"A strong religion in God is necessary to hold a strong household. † Now. I’m besides populating in another state other than the Philippines. I am non an OFW but a married woman to one. Even if it is difficult and expensive for my household to populate in a state non our ain. we still chose to populate together and non be separate from each other. My hubby and I agreed that I and our kids would merely pass about 2 old ages here and would so return to the Philippines. But. though I like much better to remain in the Philippines and go on my calling. I instead chose to be a stay at place ma. It’s wholly right that I don’t have a calling. every bit long as my kids and I would non be separated from our beloved male parent and hubby. I did non desire my kids to see being separated from a parent merely like what I did when I was still immature. I am greatly grateful to God because His grace is sufficient plenty to run into our every demand. Two faces of mother’s love. One endured the hurting of being far off from the household so she can give a better life to her household. The other chose non to be separated from the household even if it means giving her good calling. Which of the two mirrors your love as a female parent? â€Å"In every pick. there is an exchangeWeigh the bosom and head. digest the hurting.And don’t forget to swear the Lord of all timeWhatever happens He will be ever at that place. †How beautiful it must be. if no household would of all time necessitate to be separated from each other. I pray that the Philippines would originate from poorness and have a better economic system. So that male parents and female parents would non necessitate to travel abroad and leave their kids. I wonder when will that be? I salute all the male parents and female parents who have the bosom and head that truly attentions foremost for his or her household.

Astronomy †Distance in The Stars and The Solar System

Astronomy – Distance in The Stars and The Solar System Free Online Research Papers Astronomy Distance in The Stars and The Solar System ***All italic words are located at the bottom accompanied by their definitions*** The Solar System The solar system consists of the Sun, nine planets, sixty-eight satellites (of the planets), large numbers of comets and asteroids, and the interplanetary medium. All the planets orbit in the same counter-clockwise direction looking down from above the Sun’s north pole or in a prograde direction. All except for Venus and Uranus, whose rotations are defined as retrograde. The nine planets are classified in several ways: By composition: Terrestrial or rocky planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars: The terrestrial planets are composed mostly of rock and metal and have relatively high densities, slow rotation, solid surfaces, no rings and very few satellites. o Jovian or gas planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune: ? The gas planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, and generally have low densities, rapid rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and lots of satellites. By size: o Small planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Pluto. ? The small planets have diameters less than 13000 km. o Giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. ? The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000 km. o Mercury and Pluto are sometimes referred to as lesser planets (not to be confused with minor planets which is the official term for asteroids). o The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. By position relative to the Sun: o Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. o Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. o The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner solar system and the outer solar system. By position relative to Earth: o Inferior planets: Mercury and Venus. ? They are closer to the Sun compared to the Earth. ? The inferior planets show phases like the Moons when viewed from Earth. o superior planets: Mars thru Pluto. ? farther from the Sun than Earth. ? The superior planets always appear full or nearly so. By History: o classical planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. ? known since pre-historical times ? visible to the unaided eye o modern planets: Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. ? discovered in modern times ? visible only with telescopes Stars: Are huge spherical masses of gas that began radiating energy because of nuclear reactions occurring deep within their interiors They differ in size, shape, luminosity, temperature, and composition Distance To Stars: First measured by Friedrich Bessel in 1838, method called Trigonometric Parallax As the earth moves around the sun, a star relatively nearby will appear to shift its position in the sky relative to more distant stars. By measuring these minute angular shifts, the distance of a star can be determined trigonometrically. Half of the total apparent shift of the star with respect to the background is called the star’s trigonometric parallax. It follows that the parallax of a star is the angle formed t the star by the triangle formed between the star and each end of the radius of the earth’s orbit. Glossary: Jovian planets: The planets with orbits beyond that of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Parallax: The apparent change in position of a star relative to the distant, background stars as seen from the Earth at opposite points in its orbit around the sun. Prograde: Counterclockwise, when viewed from north of the ecliptic, rotation of a celestial body around its axis. Retrograde motion: The motion of a planet from west to east among the stars over a lengthy period of time. It is when the earth overtakes another planet as they both orbit the sun. Star: A celestial body made up of hot gases held together by its own gravity and emitting light and heat resulting from its internal nuclear reactions. Our Sun is a typical star. Terrestrial planets: The planets with orbits within the orbit of Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The Distance To A Star Tan( 1 ) = 93 000 000 Miles 9000 X X= 4.8 x 10 A.U.= Astronomical Unit= 150 million Kilometres = 93 million Miles 1 minute= 1 1 second= 1 60 3600 A= 0.4 seconds = 1 9000 Research Papers on Astronomy - Distance in The Stars and The Solar SystemThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West MeetThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part One

Word Choice Disinterested vs. Uninterested

Word Choice Disinterested vs. Uninterested Word Choice: Disinterested vs. Uninterested Here at Proofed, we see plenty of linguistic mix-ups. However, few cause more confusion than â€Å"disinterested† and â€Å"uninterested.† It’s easy to understand why these words sometimes baffle even native English speakers, as they’re alike in many ways. Both are adjectives related to attention, for example, and the prefixes â€Å"dis-† and â€Å"un-† are sometimes used interchangeably. But â€Å"disinterested† and â€Å"uninterested† have importantly distinct meanings, so it’s vital to use them correctly in academic writing. Disinterested (Objective) The word â€Å"disinterested† implies freedom from bias and self-interest. When we want to take a neutral or objective attitude towards something, we would adopt a â€Å"disinterested approach†: Although he cared about the environment, as a scientist, James knew he had to address climate change disinterestedly. Uninterested (Bored) The word â€Å"uninterested,† by comparison, means â€Å"indifferent† or â€Å"bored.† Thus, if we simply have no concern for something, we are â€Å"uninterested†: Although Jane was a environmentalist, she was uninterested in the science behind climate change. The Prefixes: Dis- and Un- One way to remember the difference between these terms is to consider what the prefix at the beginning of each word means. The prefix â€Å"dis-† implies separation (e.g., disconnected, disjointed). So being â€Å"disinterested† is an attempt to look past your own interests: a deliberate attempt to adopt a neutral attitude. The prefix â€Å"un-† in this case implies a negation (e.g., unhappy, unknown). As such, being â€Å"uninterested† is the opposite of being interested: i.e., a lack of interest rather than a deliberate attempt to approach something without bias. Disinterested or Uninterested? As you can see, there’s a huge difference between the meanings of â€Å"disinterested† and â€Å"uninterested.† To make sure you use these terms correctly, remember the following: Disinterested = Neutral or unbiased Uninterested = Indifferent or bored If you can remember this, you should avoid errors in your writing. But since it’s easy to overlook these things, it never hurts to have a professional check your work. Try sending a 500-word sample to be proofread for free.

Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Samsung - Essay Example From a small export business in Tague, Korea, Samsung has grown to become one of the largest multi-billionaire corporations in the world. Samsung electronics was established in 1969 in Suwon (South Korea)The products offered by the company are electronic and electrical appliances which include television, refrigerator, air conditioners, washing machines, calculators, semi conductors and digital media. Today Samsung products are recognized in terms of quality and unique technology all around the world. In 2007, the company exceeded the $100 billion mark in terms of annual sales for the first time in the history. This is the reason why Samsung is in the list of one of the top three companies in the electronics industry where only two other companies are Siemens and Hewlett Packard that have posted larger revenues. Samsung today owes much of its success to its value innovation program. With new technologies coming in the market speed and mobility is essential for remaining in the market and also to pioneering in new markets. With 42 research facilities around the world and 42 thousand people are working daily in these research facilities, Samsung is serious about understanding what the consumers need is long before considering the technologies required to deliver them for the fulfillment of that need. Samsung is aware of the fact that success is temporary in the field of electronics and there should always be a goal displacement policy going around. The company is always setting new targets, working hard and focusing on ways to achieve those goals. Though Samsung is achieving continuously and rapidly by sheer policy, hard work and competence the list of achievement is way to long some important and recent achievements are given below: In 2005 Samsung surpassed Japanese rival company Sony, for the first time to become the world twentieth largest and most popular consumer brand as per† Interband†. In 2006 Samsung comes second in the electronics industry as per â€Å"business week†. In 2007 another important achievement was made by Samsung mobiles, over throwing Motorola for the first time and as they became the second largest mobile phone maker in the world. In 2011 Samsung electronics sold its Hard disk drive (HDD) commercial operation to Seagate Technology for approximately $ 1.4 billion. And most recently in the first quarter of 2012 Samsung beats rival company Nokia in selling the highest number of mobiles 93.5 million as compared with 82.7 million. Samsung has expanded from a small company to the largest company in Korea and the second largest company in the world in terms of electronic divisions which is somehow the most successful around the world. Management accounting: Management accounting deals with providing accounting information to the managers within organizations to help them taking decision in business that will allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions. This technique or pro cess focuses on effective and efficient use of organizational resources in order to support or assist managers to take decision in their task of enhancing both customer value and shareholder value. Distinguishing between Management accounting and financial accounting In contrast to financial accounting information, management accounting information is different in number of ways. Some are enlisted below. Management accounting deals with perception of forward looking; on the other hand financial accounting is historical and is based on the historical data. Models are based in terms of abstractions or possibilities in order to support decision making generally, whereas models are case based. Management accounting deals with the designs that are intended for use by managers within the organization; on the other hand financial accounting deals with shareholders, creditors and public regulators. Management accounting is usually confidential, whereas financial accounting is for public or is publicly reported. Management acco

Discussion board forum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Discussion board forum - Assignment Example Pedagogical approaches to learning perceive diminutive validity in the experience the student gains in previous learning sessions. Based on the pedagogical approach, the matter of concern is the teacher’s experience, as well as the content of the instructional aids (Bostock & Wood, 2012). On the contrary, the andragogical approach perceives the learner’s experience as a rich source of the ability to attain more information and thus, acts as a resource for successful knowledge processes in the future. Pedagogical methods use assigned readings, lectures, as well as passive methods in passing ideas to the students (Werner & DeSimone, 2012). On the other hand, andragogical approaches apply the use of experiential methods, such as problem-solving instances, lab experiments and simulation game. The two methods differ further in terms of predication. On one hand, educational methods assume that everyone is always willing to learn what their society dictates. Therefore, because everyone is always ready to learn, every learning exercise should apply a standardized curriculum. On the contrary, andragogy provides that learners acquire the readiness and urge to learn when they gain their initial experience to learn because of a need that arises requiring them to acquire some understanding in order to cope with some real-life problems (Bostock & Wood, 2012). In this view, information should emphasize on real-life situations and tailored to the real-life needs of the learners, as well as their call and readiness to learn. Pedagogical approaches to learning in addition make the assumption that knowledge possesses future orientation, and thus, what learners learn today may turn out to be beneficial at some later situations and thus, application may not be necessary for the same instance of learning (Vodde, 2009). On the other hand, andagogical styles assume learning to be a process involving the development of increased competencies and thus, the

Multimedia Systems And Applications Computer Science Essay

Multimedia Systems And Applications Computer Science Essay This report gives the details of multimedia computing. Multimedia computing is one of the major research topics in recent years, this field is widely using in different industries like web, gaming, telecommunications and broadcasting networks. Multimedia computing gives the detailed view of multimedia systems, multimedia applications, and multimedia softwares. It is used in presenting the text, audio, video, and graphics in different fields. The development in multimedia computing has made a strong impact on these fields. Fundamentally multimedia computing use the elements such as audio, video, personal computers, and the storage devices to get the synchronisation of animation, text, video and sound to present the information. The multimedia computing mainly depends on the systems and the human computer interaction. The input and output of the computer has changed to the window oriented display using the bitmapped displays. The stable rate in the continuous media like audio and digit al video must be considered in the multimedia input and output. Multimedia applications are now exploring the capabilities of the multimedia computing. Understanding the multimedia functionality in advanced application domains like visualization systems, intelligent interfaces, virtual reality environments, and collaboration environments provides the different possibilities which are not available previously in the human computer interaction. This report discusses the multimedia applications, multimedia systems, technologies and softwares with designs and operating systems. TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 2.1. Key Areas 3. Research Section 3.1. Multimedia systems 3.2. Multimedia technologies 3.3. Multimedia applications 4. Conclusion 5. References INTRODUCTION This paper presents the detailed research about multimedia computing and the contents of multimedia computing. The purpose of this paper is to present the detailed review about the multimedia computing which involves the concepts like multimedia systems, multimedia technologies, softwares and multimedia applications. In this presentation about the multimedia computing the challenges are it is difficult give the review because the multimedia computing is the integration of several multimedia concepts and is difficult to present them as a single component. As an MSc student, while developing a research paper the rule and regulations must have to be followed. And all the information which is required for the research has to be accessed in proper way by using the facilities provided by the university. The research paper should not create any controversy in further approach, and the details presented in the paper must be correct and honest. The main aim of this paper is to provide the det ailed view about multimedia computing and its concepts including the views like the back ground, current status of multimedia computing and possible advancements in future. To achieve this detailed research is required in the field of multimedia and in the technologies using and in the application domains. And the analysis on existing works in multimedia computing field is needed to get an idea about what currently happening in the field and to find the advantages and disadvantages, so that it is possible to know the future enhancements needed. Multimedia is the well known word and widely using in information industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Multimedia  means that computer information can be represented through audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media like text, graphics drawings, and imagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In general Multimedia can be defined as a field that integrates various forms of media such as text, audio, video, graphics with the computer-controlled integration. Multimedia concept is used to display the text, images, graphics and drawings in the form of audio and video presentations. (Dave Marshall, 2001). LITERATURE REVIEW According to Reisman (1994), the multimedia computing is the rapidly using technology to present the data in the audio and video contexts rather than in normal text and graphics format. In the present days the multimedia systems are using to display the presentations of data as a multimedia content. These systems are capable of processing the multimedia data such as audio, video, graphics, text and images. These systems having the window based display with bitmapped processing. The images and the videos presented through this displays are modified by using the different multimedia technologies like image processing, video compression, visualization etc. The present multimedia systems use the elements like audio, video, storage devices such as CD-ROMS, DVD, Hard disk to get the synchronisation of multimedia contents animation, text, video, audio. According to Different multimedia technologies are used in developing the multimedia content like audio, text, images and video. There are different approaches using in each context, like for displaying the image several processes like jpeg encoding, gif encoding and jpg encoding etc..And for video we use the mpeg-4 technology, and digital video technology is used. Similarly different approaches are used in editing graphics and animations etc. The technologies used for animations and graphics are different from the technologies used for editing of text, audio and video. In the presentation of general data as a multimedia data we need to us all these technologies at one instance, because the data is the combination of text, images, audio, video and more. (Fernando Pereira, 1999) The present multimedia is one the major field which is using in a high extent in information industry, because in any information related thing, there is a need of multimedia to present data. The multimedia is given as by the name itself, combining two or more media as one information. The multimedia concepts used in the development of games in high extent because the games developed depends on the graphics and animations, these concepts can be designed by using the different softwares like Maya , 3D max,3dsmax etc these softwares are mainly using in the development of visual effects and graphics animations etc. There are different softwares which are used to display the images, audio, text and video. The softwares like Adobe, Flash are used to edit or display the images, text, audio, video in the required format. These application softwares of multimedia containing different tools and each tool has its own specification in developing, editing or displaying the information. (Mahbubur Rahman Syed, 2008) Key areas: According to Fernando Pereira (1999), In general multimedia computing is the key area in information industry. The key areas in multimedia computing are multimedia systems, multimedia technologies, multimedia softwares and multimedia applications. These areas are explained in detail below. The multimedia computing has more applications and important in several fields. The multimedia computing also includes the topics like multimedia operating systems. Multimedia is mainly depends on the systems and technologies used in displaying the information and also on the multimedia softwares which are used in developing the information. To accept all these technologies and to execute the components of softwares used in developing the multimedia systems must contain the operating system which is capable of processing the multimedia components. The operating system which can capable of processing the multimedia contents like audio, video, text, graphics is known as multimedia software. The multimedia is the hot area with its applications and tools that are used in developing the multimedia components. The presenting of information which consist the audio and video along with images, graphics and animations is difficult to process, because the operating system has to run all the fields like systems and softwares and the technologies of multimedia simultaneously so that it can provides all the information in the display that contains the multimedia components. The key area in multimedia is its life cycle. The life cycle that is followed when a multimedia component is produced is known as multimedia life cycle. The life cycle consists the phases such as analysis, design, implementing, testing and executing. To develop a multimedia application such as presenting the information, gaming applications or animated displays etc, have to follow the multimedia life cycle. First we need to analyse the requirements and identfy the charecterstics and have to to the analysis abou t the designs . such that we need to clarify which designs has to be use, and which is the best software to develop the designs and the technologies that has to use. From the above analysis the implementaio or the development of the application has to done, the testing is the important phase in development, the testing has to done according to the appliction developed and the performance has to be analysed . (Ralf Steinmetz, Analyzing the Multimedia Operating systems,1995 ). RESEARCH SECTION According to Matthew E. Hodges and Sasnett(1993), Multimedia computing gives the in-depth overview of information design, advances in multimedia technology and system representations to system designers, system planners and to the users. The concepts of multimedia such as multimedia systems, multimedia designs, multimedia softwares and multimedia applications are all parts of multimedia computing. Multimedia computing is responsible for presenting the information in audio and video format. The systems which are able to process the multimedia components like data and applications are called as the multimedia systems. These systems have different characteristics, components. The characterisation of multimedia systems is based on their capability of processing, storage, manipulation, generation of multimedia information. The designs which use the multimedia concepts to present the data containing the text, images, graphics, and drawings as a multimedia presentation like audio and video format are known as multimedia designs. The designs are used based on the requirement in the presentation of data. The softwares that are used in developing the multimedia components of data are known as multimedia softwares. There are different types of softwares like adobe, flash, 3dsmax using for various applications. The multimedia computing has been using in different fields. It has a wide range of applications in various domains like gaming, World Wide Web, interactive TV, virtual reality etc. The Multimedia computing applications use the multiple fields of media sources like text, video, audio as a collection. Multimedia computing is the combination of all the above multimedia concepts. The above all concepts are explained below in detail. Multimedia computing evolved with the concepts of multimedia such as multimedia systems, multimedia technologies, multimedia softwares and multimedia applications. This research section clearly focuses on the detailed views on these multimedia fields. The existing works in these fields are described in the literature review section. 3.1. MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS According to Dave Marshall (2001), the definition for the multimedia systems can be given as the systems which are able to process the multimedia components like data and applications are called as the multimedia systems. These systems have different characteristics, components. The characterisation of multimedia systems is based on their capability of processing, storage, manipulation, generation of multimedia information. The multimedia systems use the bitmapped windows oriented displays to display the contents. These are capable of processing the multimedia contents. The multimedia computing is more dependent on the configuration of these systems. The configuration of the systems can results in the display of multimedia contents and to process some of the multimedia softwares and technologies the high configurations are required. The characteristics, challenges, key issues and the desirable features of multimedia systems are given below Characteristics of multimedia system The basic characteristics that a multimedia system is, the multimedia system should be computer-controlled. To process the multimedia components the multimedia systems should be integrated. These systems have to represent the information digitally. They have to use the interactive media as an interface for the presentation of final information. These characteristics have to be possessed by the multimedia systems. Challenges of multimedia system The multimedia systems have some challenges such as distributed networks. It is difficult to process the multimedia content over distributed networks, because different types of systems are used in different networks and the configurations are not same, so the content that is displaying may undergoes changes. And the other challenge is temporal relationship between data. This is a problem in presenting the data when there is a relationship between data using in the presenting information. This is like using the audio video for same display needs the lip sync. Key Issues The key issues in the multimedia systems are related to the representation of data such as how to store and represent the temporal data. And the issues in maintain the relationship between the temporal data in multimedia presentation. The other issues involved like data compression and representation. There is a need of compressing the data when it is using large volumes of data. And some other issues are involved related to analogue and digital data representation. (Reisman, S. 1994). 3.2. MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES According to Mahbubur Rahman Syed(2008), In general the multimedia technologies can be defined as the technologies which are used in processing of the multimedia contents to present the multimedia information. The technologies include video, audio, text, image and graphics. Each of these technologies is responsible for providing the data as multimedia content. These technologies are responsible for processing the images by using the technologies like jpeg encoding and decoding, and like the other formats gif, and jpg. And technologies that are used for encoding and compressing the videos use the MPEG-4 technologies. The technologies are based on the multimedia concepts like generations and the dimension views. The whole technologies of multimedia are responsible for presenting the data in detailed view which consist of the multimedia contents. 3.3. MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS According to Ralf Steinmetz and K. N. (2004). The multimedia computing has wide range applications in different fields, because the applications are used to present the information in audio and video formats. The sectors which are dealing with the processing of the information will use the multimedia applications. The applications of multimedia are used in mobiles, televisions, World Wide Web, networks, games, visual effects, digital video processing systems, hypermedia courseware, virtual reality, video conferencing etc. The applications of multimedia are designed on the basis of requirements of multimedia component presentations. The applications designed as discussed above, by using the designs, technologies and softwares. 4.CONCLUSION The present world is dependent mostly on the multimedia and its applications. The developments in this multimedia computing provide various features for the users and developers. With the applications of multimedia the information industry changed a lot. The evolution in multimedia provides the features like games, internet, and presentations of data in variety of formats. The fields of multimedia like systems, technologies, applications and softwares are all used simultaneously in the systems achieving the best results. And by overcoming the drawbacks like memory usage and temporal relationship between data, multimedia applications can processed easily and gives the best results. The above paper discussed the concepts of multimedia and key issues and desirable features of multimedia computing.

Rehabilitation Of Multi Level Surgery Health And Social Care Essay

Multilevel surgery ( MLS ) is employed to pull off multiple joint malformations in kids with intellectual paralysis. No studies exist associating to the community-based rehabilitation issues that affect the MLS results. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed instance studies of 3 kids who had undergone MLS comparing their pre and station operative pace and motor maps utilizing Gross Motor Functional Measures ( GMFM ) and Edinburg Visual Gait Scores ( EVGS ) that are simple clinical result steps instead than instrumented pace analysis. All kids achieved independent standing within 1 twelvemonth postoperatively. They all experienced neuropathic and complex regional hurting syndrome ( CRPS ) following surgery and later developed stringency in iliopsoas, hamstring and IT bands. Each had trunk hypotonus, which hindered nucleus stableness and compromised their pace and position. It was observed that bole hypotonus, CRPS, nervus stretching hurting, return of stringency and decreased nucleus stableness negatively affected pace. EVGA appeared more sensitive to observe alterations in functional betterment than GMFM following MLS, hence EVGS can used in the community to quantify alterations in pace after MLS.IntroductionCerebral paralysis ( CP ) , a non-progressive cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) disorder bounds normal motor development and contributes to postural abnormalcies ( ref ) . Primary damages seen in kids with CP are increased musculus tone and failing ( 1 ) leads to development of myostatic contractures and secondary skeletal tortuosity malformations ( 2 ) . Such contractures are typically managed with surgery in order to heighten mobility and map. Multi degree surgery ( MLS ) , an orthopedic attack to surgically realine unnatural articulation angles is performed with an purpose to bettering pace in ambulatory kids with CP. It has been defined as a process affecting one or both limbs, including at least three articulations ( 3-5 ) . Following MLS, important betterment in the pace and kinematics are observed with instrumented pace analysis, which include care of articulatio genus musculus power ( 6 ) , increased power coevals at hip and mortise joint, increased pelvic joust and articulatio genus scope of motion ( ROM ) and improved ankle map ( 7 ) , gait velocity, stance limb stableness and an unhampered swing stage of the opposite limb ( 8 ) . However, instrumented pace analysis is non executable in the community, hence, clinician require simple and cost-efficient and simple result steps. Gross Motor Functional Measures ( GMFM ) and Edinburg Visual Gait Score ( EVGS ) that are simple to measure hold been found to possess good dependability and cogency in kids with CP ( 9-12 ) . However, to our cognition there is no literature analyzing issues related to the postoperative rehabilitation following MLS within the community such as postural tone and return of stringency for kids with CP indicated by GMFM and EVGS. A s there is limited figure of kids with CP treated with MLS we retrospectively analysed 3 instance studies and investigated the factors that influenced results whilst being treated within a community scene.Case studiesFrom 2005 to 2006, three male kids diagnosed with spastic diplegic CP from Cambridgeshire Community Services had MLS. They underwent extended postoperative physical therapy for at least one twelvemonth. Two hebdomads after MLS, they were discharged from infirmary and re-admitted 6-8 hebdomads subsequently for 2 hebdomads of intensive physical therapy intervention. Initial rehabilitation in the community was commenced from 3rd hebdomad and focused on obtaining full scope of inactive motion, in add-on to deriving strength and motor control in the operated limbs. Our kids were treated twice hebdomadally for the first 4 months, whilst the frequence of farther therapy ( for up to 1 twelvemonth ) was dictated by the persons rate of patterned advance in motor public presentati on. Subsequently, they were reviewed at 3-4 months intervals and ongoing rehabilitation was directed toward specific job work outing as they arose. All kids reached their pre-operative functional degree within 12 months following MLS. All these topics were assessed in the community utilizing GMFM and EVGS prior to and 4 old ages after MLS. ( table- 1 ) .Case 1JD, a 12 twelvemonth old athleticss oriented male child with normal evident knowledge and go toing mainstream school had undergone strength continuing MLS integrating bilateral femoral derotation osteotomy, bilateral medial hamstring release, bilateral rectus femur transportation, bilateral prolongation of gastrocnemius and prolongation of right adductors. Community-based physical therapy rehabilitation programme was commenced from the 3rd hebdomad post- surgery. Full ROM was achieved in all articulations after 2 months but deficiency of hip and knee active extension at the terminal scope associated with increased sympathetic a ctivity and hypersensitivity in the pess limited the gait of rehabilitation. He suffered from complex regional hurting syndrome ( CRPS ) between the 2nd and 4th month and was treated with anodynes. He achieved independent standing after 5 months, progressed to walk without splints ( immature pace ) by the 7th month whilst return of bilateral stringency in the hamstrings and TA was noted at 10th months. JD continued to hold trunk hypotonicity and his returns of hamstring and ( iliotibial set ) ITB stringency and hip extensor failing were managed through supervised exercising programme at place and school. JD discontinued leg splints and his limb length disagreement ( LLD ) was managed with a shoe rise. A important betterment in pace and position following MLS was achieved and this was supported through EVGS mark and the disappearing of spasticity reflected by normal articulatio genus and mortise joint physiological reactions.Case 2JS, a 15 twelvemonth old male child with mild larning troubles go toing particular school had undergone a individual event MLS integrating bilateral Intramuscular psoas prolongation, adductor longus prolongation, bilateral hamstring lengthening without rectus femur transportations, bilateral transdermal prolongation of the Achilles sinew. After initial discharge from infirmary he was readmitted for 2 farther hebdomads due to unbearable nervus stretching hurting and was treated with anodynes. He was really dying, lacked dark slumber and his parents found it difficult to get by up with his hurting. Despite medicines his sudden and self-generated pes hurting and hypersensitivity prevented his active engagement in therapy Sessionss. Consecutive bivalved projecting to stretch hamstring musculuss was performed at the beginning of the 4th month from which point the relentless hurting decreased but persisted till the 6th month. JS stood and walked independently by the seventh month. Trunk hypotonus limited his unsloped position and a subseque nt development of hamstring and ITB stringency was noted at the 9th month. Despite regular therapy hamstring stringency has progressed farther but he has maintained independent mobility. The GMFM station surgery mark showed little impairment but the EVGS demonstrated an improved pace mark.Case 3MT, a 13 twelvemonth old male child with limited motive go toing mainstream school had undergone initial left femoral derotation osteotomy a month before MLS. MLS incorporated left hamstring prolongation, left rectus femur transportation, left transdermal TA prolongation and right vulpius slide. Following surgery MT experienced leg nervus stretching hurting, CRPS in the left pes and he was treated with anodynes. He was made to partly weight bear with splints at the tenth hebdomad and he walked within a parallel saloon at the beginning of the 6th month. Independent standing was reached at 7th month but unsloped position and independent mobility was delayed due to miss of full articulatio genus extension scope, bole hypotonus, hapless nucleus stableness, LLD and sustained failing in hip, articulatio genus and mortise joint musculuss. A spinal stableness wrap and an exercising programme to stretch tight musculuss to better nucleus stableness provided limited betterment in position. MT had hapless ankle stableness due to pick pronation after MLS and this was managed with AFOs. After 1 twelvemonth he developed hip and articulatio genus flexor stringency and began to utilize an cubitus crutch.Discussion:Muscle tone: All three kids had trunk hypotonicity and they re-established their crookback position after MLS. Spinal humpback is positively associated with posterior pelvic joust and the corresponding development of stringency in hip and articulatio genus flexor musculuss. Despite regular physical therapy, topics developed moderate stringency in both hamstring and iliopsoas musculuss. MLS is focused upon rectification of spasticity-related biomechanical abnormalcies and it wa s ill-defined that bole hypotonus and its consequence on position and mobility had been taken into consideration before MLS. Borghuis et Al ( 2008 ) suggested that reduced nervous thrust leads to the development of active stiffness and co-contraction in bole musculuss, thereby impacting nucleus stableness ( 13 ) . It is proposed that CP kids who have trunk hypotonia set up postural stableness through selective stiffness of hip flexors muscles that triggers perennial stringency in iliopsoas followed by hamstring musculuss within 1 twelvemonth after MLS. Consistent with this hypothesis we observed that the badness of bole hypotonus has a negative influence on rehabilitation result of MLS reflected through decreased pelvic stableness and hapless position. It is interesting to observe that one topic demonstrated normal articulatio genus and mortise joint dork physiological reactions following MLS that incorporated musculus angle resetting, bespeaking normal musculus profile in spastic m usculuss. This observation supports the impression that spasticity, a gravitation dependent CNS characteristic tends to switch its kineticss if musculus orientation changed. It is further supported by the observation of Patikas et Al ( 2007 ) that the EMG form of lower limb musculuss were comparatively normalised following MLS ( 14 ) . However, this was non the instance in the other two topics in which there were no alterations in stretch physiological reaction responses. This could be due to inadequate prolongation of hamstring that compromised the orientation of musculus pull angle following MLS, hence no alterations in musculus tone. Stringency: Complete articulatio genus extension was non surgically obtained in two kids and undistinguished betterments in articulatio genus extension was attained through consecutive casting. This resulted in trouble in accomplishing unsloped position and they retained little flexure in the hips and articulatio genuss during weight bearing. This places quadriceps musculuss in weak and automatically deprived place against the sawed-off hamstring musculuss. It may besides restrict the chances for sarcomeres lengthening of developing and wasted vastus medialis due to deficient articulatio genus extension scope even after MLS. These topics took longer to accomplish independent mobility, developed hamstring stringency and scored lower in EVGS postoperatively. This is in understanding with Gannotti ( 2007 ) , who reported development of stringency and impairment of motor accomplishments following MLS in kids with CP ( 15 ) . The other topic who had full articulatio genus extension in one leg and mild articulatio genus flexure in the other leg showed important betterment in pace position and map, proposing that accomplishing complete articulatio genus extension surgically is a important factor for better long-run MLS results. On the contrary, Adolfsen et Al ( 2007 ) reported hyperextension of articulatio genus in mid-stance following MLS in his survey and questioned the indicants for hamstring prolongation ( 16 ) . Our observation back up the position that complete articulatio genus extension is indispensable for the better result following MLS. Development of ITB stringency in MLS topics has non reported earlier and we found that all our topics developed stringency in ITB along with hamstring musculuss which had an inauspicious consequence on their position and pelvic stableness. Previous research in both normal and athletic topics reported back hurting, ITB clash syndrome and other biomechanical abnormalcies followed by ITB stringency ( 17 ) , Therefore, we extend this to kids with CP & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s after MLS and suggest that integrating ITB stretching from the early phases of physical rehabilitation following MLS is be important to gait sweetening. As kids grow older, increased return rate of imposter myostatic contracture due to growing jet and the corresponding residuary pathological force generated in their weak spastic musculuss was observed. It is critical to keep musculus length and go oning regular stretching exercising programme to understate the return of stringency. Pain: Complex regional hurting syndrome ( CRPS ) is a common postoperative complication in lower limb surgery ( 18,19 ) . Two kids displayed CRPS symptoms which limited their cooperation and early weight bearing. All kids experienced neuropathic hurting and two of them experienced self-generated leg hurting discharge associated with intermittent cramp that lasted for at least 4 months following surgery. Lauder GR and White MC ( 2005 ) in their instance surveies acknowledged CRPS following MLS saying that TENS was a utile mode to pull off neuropathic hurting ( 20 ) . However, the current survey topics were neither orientated nor introduced to TENS postoperatively alternatively used anodynes for hurting alleviation. TENS could be a utile and cost effectual intervention mode to pull off postoperative hurting and CRPS in pediatric population in a community scene and this demand to be studied farther. Cognitive degree of topics was a factor finding the MLS result. Poor knowledge negatively affected their therapy programme conformity, motive to fall in with equals, hurting tolerance and engagement in early dynamic strength preparation exercisings. For case, a kid who was immature and had normal knowledge showed better consequences than an older opposite number with mild larning troubles. Outcome steps: All topics showed little alterations in GMFM mark but the positive betterment is relatively higher with EVGS. Although the GMFM has good inter and intra-rater dependability in CP ( 21,10 ) , the single dimensions of GMFM were non sensitive plenty to observe alterations in motor map in kids with CP ( Josenby, 2009 ) . Our observation suggests that GMFM may non be a suited tool to quantify the betterment after MLS for those who already scored more than 90 % preoperatively. We found EVGS a clinically utile and easy tool to objectively detect alterations in pace parametric quantities within the community. Therefore we propose that utilizing EVGS as an result steps in MLS may help the clinicians in the community to quantify the betterment in pace. Further research is required to find the sensitiveness, dependability and cogency of EVGS in MLS.Decision:From this instance analyze the writers observed that bole hypotonus, return of stringency in hamstring, IT set and iliopsoas and CRPS has an inauspicious consequence on kids who had undergone MLS. Despite this, all the kids showed betterment in mobility and the EVGS found to be a utile clinical appraisal tool than the GMFM to quantify gait betterment in the community. These decisions were drawn from a little group of kids, hence, farther probe of these factors and the usage of EVGS in MLS is required to find the rehabilitation result in the community. Table. 1. Pre and station operative GMFM and EVGS mark for each kid. EVGS GMFM Pre-operative Post-operative Pre- operative ( % ) Post- operative ( % ) Right Left Right Left JD 23 21 7 6 96.9 98.4 Joule 23 24 13 18 96.3 96.2 Meitnerium 19 21 17 15 93.0 96.0 Mean 21.7 22 12.3 13 95.4 96.9

20 facts from Fracturing the Canon Essay

I attended the Clark Atlanta Art Gallery Tuesday, September 13, 2013 in Trevor-Arnett at 11:30 a.m. The instructor a couple others and I had was Cynthia .She carefully and thoroughly guided us along the tour. She was very fluent and intellectual in the art pieces being displayed. She really knew what she was talking about, and you could truly see her passion for her work and the art. To my surprise there were many other students with me taking the tour. The art gallery is offered to the entire AUC to come visit and lean the history. The Art Gallery is made up of African American art work collected from 1900-1980. It highlights the treasures with a series of six murals, titled Art of the Negro, painted to celebrated artists and teachers. The gallery was created to give an opportunity for the African Americans to exhibit their art work. Purchase Prizes were awarded in various categories and Atlanta University gradually came into possession of a considerable collection. The collection holds two hundred and ninety-one paintings, prints and sculptures by several artists such as: Charles White, Elizabeth Catlett, Hayward Oubre and many others. Students from the AUC also have paintings displayed in the gallery, which encourages other student who has a passion for art, to try to do the things other made possible plus more. When I went, I took a walk around to observe the collections. There were many classics throughout the gallery, which won prizes for the artwork that was done. There was an assortment of different styles of art, such as: oil paint canvas, wood cuts, photograph, serigraph, textiles, mix media and several more. It attributes to different important people around campus such as Hale Woodruff. It was also learned that the art gallery was started by Hale Woodruff himself in the 1900s. There were hand crafted masks, baskets, scripts and tools used during the industrial period. James Malone has an assortment of acrylic on canvas that reflected local and common factors of African American lifestyles called: â€Å"College Studies†, â€Å"All Sales†, â€Å"Elderly Neighbor† and â€Å"I Aint Got Nothing†. The most captivating part was seeing the artist work displaying not only the positive but also the negative images of African American’s. I would have to say the most absorbing picture was a young man demonstrating the negative vibe of today’s negative vibe with the young man sagging his jeans with gold teeth. The image describes how far as a whole we African Americans will continue to lower our standards to be accepted by everyone. It shows we really value what other think about us rather than how we feel about ourselves. I would truly recommend the art gallery to the AUC and others. That includes parents, peers, and senior citizens. I feel it is useful to African Americans as well as other races because it is always a beautiful experience to learn your history and sometimes others. You should always know where you come from and about the people who paved a way for you. You are never too young or too old to learn something you once did not know. The Art gallery opened my eyes to different things and has made me more appreciative for the thing I have and the things others have done for me. It showed me to be thankful for the people that made a way for me to be where I am today. Art Galleries can be useful not only for assignments but for entertainment, learning, and main attractions. I would attend the Art Gallery to continue my learning experience on the different art pieces I missed and the things I didn’t catch/learn the first time visiting. During this experience there was nothing negative about the event, only that it could have been more interactive so students would enjoy the experience and learn something new. It was an awesome event to attend, to learn about the history of our school and the African Americans who made a difference throughout the black community. It was beneficial to see the different paintings as a student to learn about my schools history and black heritage. Even though it is a requirement to attend the art gallery I think everyone should visit and understand the different art pieces as well as the differences the artists made for us all. It brings historical values to the growth of African American and our generation. Take the tour, learn, and enjoy!